Assessment of the health status of children and teenagers-schoolchildren by results of the prophylactic medical examinations

Abstract

Introduction. The high relevance of the medical, social and economic aspects of preserving and strengthening the health of children and schoolchildren, which is primarily formed due to the conditions of upbringing and education, is determined by the fact that they are a crucial resource for the development of Russia. Material and methods. The research was carried out based on representative data of preventive examinations of children and schoolchildren of the Rostov region for 2010-2019. A complex of standard and original statistical methods was applied, including calculating regional criteria for assessing the situation. Results. I and II health groups include 86.79% of children 0-14 years old and 85.83 % of schoolchildren, III - 11.12 % and 11.83 %, IV - 0.48 % and 0.62 %, V - 1.60 % and 1.72 %. The prevalence of scoliosis (18.00 ‰) and violation of posture (50.07 ‰) are characterized by tendencies to decrease, decrease in visual acuity (49.97 ‰) - to rise. The prevalence of decreased visual acuity and poor posture is higher in cities - by 1.48 and 1.33 times, respectively; scoliosis - in rural areas by 1.16 times. The trend analysis and prediction suggest a decrease in the prevalence of scoliosis and violation of posture and an increase in the prevalence of the drop in visual acuity During the period of schooling from the first to the ninth grades, under the influence of a complex of unfavourable factors, the prevalence of scoliosis increases by 5.27 times, violation of posture - by 2.67 times, decreased visual acuity - by 2.44 times. The robust and significant correlation between the prevalence of violation of posture and scoliosis confirms the commonality of potential risk factors. The situation was assessed based on regional criteria, areas of risk that require additional optimization measures were identified. Limitations. The results obtained require verification on similar data for other administrative territories and an increase in the period of dynamic monitoring of the health status of children and teenagers-schoolchildren. Conclusions. Monitoring the health status of children and adolescent schoolchildren improving information and analytical support are essential areas of activity in the system of social and hygienic monitoring of the Rostov region at the present stage.