Metabolic syndrome as an actual health problem (analytical review)

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome among different age groups is one of the priority problems of modern health care in many countries. Currently, the medical and social significance of the metabolic syndrome is related o the high specific weight among the causes of disability and mortality, which, along with this, is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, diseases, diabetes mellitus and their complications. The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the world ranges from 44.9% in Japan to 50.9% in Spain. Due to the continued increase in the proportion of the elderly and senile population, a further increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome is predicted, and a pronounced gain in health care costs for outpatient and inpatient medical care. The purpose of the study is to analyze the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components according to the data of domestic and foreign reports. Russian and foreign scientific reports, monographs, and collections of articles for 2003–2019 were retrospectively studied using computer search engines and peer-reviewed journals in international databases (Scopus, Web of Sciences). As a result of the search, 164 articles were selected for analysis, from which 128 works and materials were excluded due to incomplete information, unrepresentative sampling, and other reasons.36 publications served as the basis for this study. An enlargement in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in various countries, including Russia, with an increase in the age of the population in combination with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, in the risk of developing cardiovascular complications by 2–3 times in the combination of metabolic syndrome with arterial hypertension and by 5 times-with diabetes mellitus. Data on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome will allow health care managers implementing preventive measures and, above all, to correct modifiable risk factors for the metabolic syndrome, such as obesity and hypertension, which are the most common components of the metabolic syndrome