Metabolic syndrome: prevalence, phenotypes and features of the course in young and middle-aged men

Abstract

Modern data demonstrate a stable growth of metabolic syndrome (MS) among young and middle-aged individuals.The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of MS, study its phenotypes, clinical and laboratory-instrumental features among hospitalized young and middle-aged men.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 500 medical histories was conducted. Patients were divided into the following groups: with MS, with incomplete MS (preMS), without MS.Results. MS was diagnosed in 33%, incomplete MS (preMS) in 11.6%, without MS in 55.4% of patients. The most common phenotypes were MS + chronic kidney disease (CKD) and MS + gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The most common component of MS in patients of all three groups was dyslipidemia (DL). Hyperuricemia (p < 0.001; p1–2 = 0.033; p1–3 < 0.001) and elevated transaminase levels (p < 0.001; p1–3  < 0.001) were more common in men with MS. In addition, individuals with MS more often had: changes in urine sediment according to general urine analysis (GU) (p < 0.001; p1–3 < 0.001), ultrasound signs of liver steatosis (p < 0.001; p1–2 < 0.001; p1–3 < 0.001); concrements and cysts on ultrasound examination of the kidneys (US) (p < 0.001; p1–3 < 0.001); presence of CKD (p < 0.001; p1–2 = 0.003; p1–3 < 0.001), predominantly in early stages (Stages 1 and 2). MS was associated with the risk of developing CKD, oncological diseases, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and GERD.Conclusion. The obtained data demonstrate a high prevalence of MS (1/3) among young and middle-aged men, as well as an increased frequency of CKD and fatty liver steatosis/steatohepatitis in patients of this group.