Engineering minimal tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase targeting MMPs via gene shuffling and yeast surface display

Abstract

AbstractOverexpression of specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has a key role in development of several diseases, such as cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases due to their critical role in degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), a family of four in humans, are endogenous inhibitors of MMPs. TIMPs have a high level of sequence and structure homology, with a broad range of binding and inhibition to the family of MMPs. It is important to identify the key motifs of TIMPs responsible for inhibition of MMPs to develop efficient therapeutics targeting specific MMPs. We used DNA shuffling between the human TIMP family to generate a minimal TIMP hybrid library in yeast to identify the dominant minimal MMP inhibitory regions. The minimal TIMP variants screened toward MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 using fluorescent‐activated cell sorting (FACS). Interestingly, several minimal TIMP variants selected after screening toward MMP‐3cd or MMP‐9cd, with lengths as short as 20 amino acids, maintained or improved binding to MMP‐3 and MMP‐9. The TIMP‐MMP binding dissociation constant (KD), in the nM range, and MMP inhibition constants (Ki), in the pM range, of these minimal TIMP variants were similar to the N‐terminal domain of TIMP‐1 on the yeast surface and in solution indicating the potency of these minimal variants as MMP inhibitors. We further used molecular modeling simulation, and molecular docking of the minimal TIMP variants in complex with MMP‐3cd to understand the binding and inhibition mechanism of these variants.