Affiliation:
1. Fundamental Medical Science Research Laboratories Fundamental Medical Science Research Laboratories, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China Lanzhou China
2. Department of Pharmacy The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China Lanzhou China
3. UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia Adelaide SA Australia
4. Gansu Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
5. Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province Lanzhou China
Abstract
AbstractOxidative stress has been considered to be closely related to spaceflight‐induced bone loss; however, mechanism is elusive and there are no effective countermeasures. Using cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts exposed to microgravity simulated by a random positioning machine, this study addressed the hypotheses that microgravity‐induced shortening of primary cilia leads to oxidative stress and that primary cilium protection prevents oxidative stress and osteogenesis loss. Microgravity was found to induce oxidative stress (as represented by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde production, and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes), which was perfectly replicated in osteoblasts growing in NG with abrogated primary cilia (created by transfection of an interfering RNA), suggesting the possibility that shortening of primary cilia leads to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress was accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction (represented by increased mitochondrial ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential) and intracellular Ca2+ overload, and the latter was found to be caused by increased activity of Ca2+ channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), as also evidenced by TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A‐elicited Ca2+ influx. Supplementation of HC‐067047, a specific antagonist of TRPV4, attenuated microgravity‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and osteogenesis loss. Although TRPV4 was found localized in primary cilia and expressed at low levels in NG, microgravity‐induced shortening of primary cilia led to increased TRPV4 levels and Ca2+ influx. When primary cilia were protected by miR‐129‐3p overexpression or supplementation with a natural flavonoid moslosooflavone, microgravity‐induced increased TRPV4 expression, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and osteogenesis loss were all prevented. Our data revealed a new mechanism that primary cilia function as a controller for TRPV4 expression. Microgravity‐induced injury on primary cilia leads to increased expression and overactive channel of TRPV4, causing intracellular Ca2+ overload and oxidative stress, and primary cilium protection could be an effective countermeasure against microgravity‐induced oxidative stress and loss of osteogenic potential of osteoblasts.
Subject
Cell Biology,Clinical Biochemistry,Physiology
Cited by
4 articles.
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