Emerging Biosensors Based on Noble Metal Self‐Assembly for In Vitro Disease Diagnosis

Abstract

The biosensing systems are powerful tools in characterizing the pathological state of patients, promising in vitro disease diagnosis at an early stage. Noble metals are introduced into emerging biosensors benefiting from their outstanding properties, such as surface plasmon resonance and photothermal conversion. The ordered arrangements of noble metals into superstructures through self‐assembling offer improved selectivity and sensitivity in biosensing disease biomarkers. Herein, the current strategies for preparing noble metal self‐assemblies are summarized, with particular emphasis on the driving forces triggering the assembling process. The functions that noble metal self‐assemblies exert in biosensing systems are then reviewed, highlighting their potential to be integrated into diagnostic applications. It is foreseen that noble metal self‐assembly brings far‐reaching implications in clinical diagnosis, serving as advanced tools to unlock the power of translational medicine.