Electrochemical biosensors for rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections: Design, targets and applications in clinical setting

Abstract

AbstractIn clinical settings, quickly identifying and detecting bacterial infections is crucial. Current methods for identifying and measuring these diseases take a long time and are frequently expensive. Hence, biosensor systems may be a viable alternative to conventional systems. Electrochemical systems based on different materials have great potential for developing rapid methods to detect pathogens in many areas. They are cheaper and reliable, have a relatively fast response time, and provide better stability and sensitivity. This review article assesses the recent advancements and potential of electrochemical biosensors for monitoring/detecting different pathogens in clinical samples. After mentioning standard techniques for detecting various microorganisms, the article introduced the biosensor‘s fundamental conceptualization and its varieties, functioning principles, and advantages. Then it discussed the applicability of various electrochemical systems employed in clinical analysis. It reviewed DNA, RNA and protein‐based systems as methods of direct pathogen analysis and underlined metabolite‐based indirect systems, the new trend in microbiology and life sciences, with their potential for detecting infectious diseases.