The timing of heat waves has multiyear effects on milkweed and its insect community

Author:

Cope Olivia L.1ORCID,Zehr Luke N.1,Agrawal Anurag A.2ORCID,Wetzel William C.13456ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

2. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA

3. Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

4. Plant Resilience Institute Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

5. Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

6. W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan USA

Abstract

AbstractExtreme heat events are becoming more frequent and intense as climate variability increases, and these events inherently vary in their timing. We predicted that the timing of a heat wave would determine its consequences for insect communities owing to temporal variation in the susceptibility of host plants to heat stress. We subjected common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) plants to in‐field experimental heat waves to investigate how the timing of heat waves, both seasonally and relative to a biotic stressor (experimental herbivory), affected their ecological consequences. We found that heat waves had multiyear, timing‐specific effects on plant–insect communities. Early‐season heat waves led to greater and more persistent effects on plants and herbivore communities than late‐season heat waves. Heat waves following experimental herbivory had reduced consequences. Our results show that extreme climate events can have complex, lasting ecological effects beyond the year of the event—and that timing is key to understanding those effects.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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