Affiliation:
1. Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 4 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117544 Singapore
2. Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
Abstract
AbstractAn emerging class of C−C coupling transformations that furnish drug‐like building blocks involves catalytic hydrocarbonation of alkenes. However, despite notable advances in the field, hydrocarbon addition to gem‐difluoroalkenes without additional electronic activation remains largely unsuccessful. This owes partly to poor reactivity and the propensity of difluoroalkenes to undergo defluorinative side reactions. Here, we report a nickel catalytic system that promotes efficient 1,2‐selective hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation, suppressing defluorination and providing straightforward access to a diverse assortment of prized organofluorides bearing difluoromethyl‐substituted carbon centers. In contrast to radical‐based pathways and reactions triggered by hydrometallation via a nickel‐hydride complex, our experimental and computational studies support a mechanism in which a catalytically active nickel‐bromide species promotes selective carbonickelation with difluoroalkenes followed by alkoxide exchange and hydride transfer, effectively overcoming the difluoroalkene's intrinsic electronic bias.
Funder
Ministry of Education - Singapore
National Institutes of Health
Welch Foundation