Strain Engineering of Twisted Bilayer Graphene: The Rise of Strain‐Twistronics

Author:

Hou Yuan1,Zhou Jingzhuo1,Xue Minmin2ORCID,Yu Maolin2,Han Ying1,Zhang Zhuhua2,Lu Yang3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China

2. Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China

Abstract

AbstractThe layer‐by‐layer stacked van der Waals structures (termed vdW hetero/homostructures) offer a new paradigm for materials design—their physical properties can be tuned by the vertical stacking sequence as well as by adding a mechanical twist, stretch, and hydrostatic pressure to the atomic structure. In particular, simple twisting and stacking of two layers of graphene can form a uniform and ordered Moiré superlattice, which can effectively modulate the electrons of graphene layers and lead to the discovery of unconventional superconductivity and strong correlations. However, the twist angle of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) is almost unchangeable once the interlayer stacking is determined, while applying mechanical elastic strain provides an alternative way to deeply regulate the electronic structure by controlling the lattice spacing and symmetry. In this review, diverse experimental advances are introduced in straining tBLG by in‐plane and out‐of‐plane modes, followed by the characterizations and calculations toward quantitatively tuning the strain‐engineered electronic structures. It is further discussed that the structural relaxation in strained Moiré superlattice and its influence on electronic structures. Finally, the conclusion entails prospects for opportunities of strained twisted 2D materials, discussions on existing challenges, and an outlook on the intriguing emerging field, namely “strain‐twistronics”.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

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