Affiliation:
1. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
2. Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing China
3. Changping Laboratory Beijing China
4. Department of R&D Beijing Yunling Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing China
5. Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Kunming Yunnan China
Abstract
AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals underscore the threat posed by continuous mutating variants, such as Omicron, to vaccine‐induced immunity. This necessitates the search for broad‐spectrum immunogens capable of countering infections from such variants. This study evaluates the immunogenicity relationship among SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, from D614G to XBB, through Guinea pig vaccination, covering D614G, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.75, BA.2.75.2, BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and XBB, employing three immunization strategies: three‐dose monovalent immunogens, three‐dose bivalent immunogens, and a two‐dose vaccination with D614G followed by a booster immunization with a variant strain immunogen. Three distinct immunogenicity clusters were identified: D614G, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta as cluster 1, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.2.75 as cluster 2, BA.2.75.2, BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and XBB as cluster 3. Broad‐spectrum protection could be achieved through a combined immunization strategy using bivalent immunogens or D614G and XBB, or two initial D614G vaccinations followed by two XBB boosters. A comparison of neutralizing antibody levels induced by XBB boosting and equivalent dosing of D614G and XBB revealed that the XBB booster produced higher antibody levels. The study suggests that vaccine antigen selection should focus on the antigenic alterations among variants, eliminating the need for updating vaccine components for each variant.
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