Silymarin: Unveiling its pharmacological spectrum and therapeutic potential in liver diseases—A comprehensive narrative review

Author:

Jaffar Hafiza Madiha1,Al‐Asmari Fahad2ORCID,Khan Faima Atta13,Rahim Muhammad Abdul34,Zongo Eliasse5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan

2. Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences King Faisal University Al‐Ahsa Saudi Arabia

3. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan

4. Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences Times Institute Multan Pakistan

5. Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales Université Nazi BONI Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Abstract

AbstractLiver diseases, encompassing conditions such as cirrhosis, present a substantial global health challenge with diverse etiologies, including viral infections, alcohol consumption, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The exploration of natural compounds as therapeutic agents has gained traction, notably the herbal remedy milk thistle (Silybum marianum), with its active extract, silymarin, demonstrating remarkable antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in extensive preclinical investigations. It can protect healthy liver cells or those that have not yet sustained permanent damage by reducing oxidative stress and mitigating cytotoxicity. Silymarin, a natural compound with antioxidant properties, anti‐inflammatory effects, and antifibrotic activity, has shown potential in treating liver damage caused by alcohol, NAFLD, drug‐induced toxicity, and viral hepatitis. Legalon® is a top‐rated medication with excellent oral bioavailability, effective absorption, and therapeutic effectiveness. Its active component, silymarin, has antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, Eurosil 85® also, a commercial product, has lipophilic properties enhanced by special formulation processes. Silymarin, during clinical trials, shows potential improvements in liver function, reduced mortality rates, and alleviation of symptoms across various liver disorders, with safety assessments showing low adverse effects. Overall, silymarin emerges as a promising natural compound with multifaceted hepatoprotective properties and therapeutic potential in liver diseases.

Publisher

Wiley

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