Chemical Prelithiation/Presodiation Strategies Toward Controllable and Scalable Synthesis of Microsized Nanoporous Tin at Room Temperature for High‐Energy Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

AbstractPorous Sn (PSn) has aroused extensive attention as an advanced anode for sodium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and small volume expansion. However, as a low‐melt metal, the preparation of PSn at room temperature is a difficult problem. Herein, universal chemical prelithiation/presodiation strategies are reported to rapidly synthesize PSn from commercial Sn powders at ambient temperature. The recyclable pre‐metallation solvents are selected by redox potential analysis to react with Sn to form alloy precursors in a short time. Benefiting from the application of delithiation/desodiation agents with suitable proton concentrations, PSn perfectly inherits the Sn skeleton from precursors. With this method, porous Al, Pb, Bi, and Sb are successfully produced. Finally, the half‐cell with PSn anode prepared by presodiation strategy achieves a great rate property (663 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and prominent cycling performance with 71% capacity retention after 7500 cycles (502 mAh g−1) at 5 A g−1. This work may contribute to the controllable synthesis of other porous metals at room temperature.