Evaluation of the detection of the homologous transfusion of a red blood cell concentrate in vivo for antidoping

Author:

Marchand Alexandre1ORCID,Roulland Ingrid1,Semence Florian1,Jaffredo Franck2,Dehainault Catherine2,Le Guiner Soizic2,Le Pajolec Marie‐Gaëlle2,Donati Francesco3,Mekacher Lamine Redouane4,Lamek Kahina4,Ericsson Magnus1

Affiliation:

1. Laboratoire Antidopage Français (LADF) Université Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France

2. Institut Génétique Nantes Atlantique (IGNA) Saint‐Herblain France

3. Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana (FMSI) Rome Italy

4. Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tizi‐Ouzou Tizi‐Ouzou Algeria

Abstract

AbstractTwo doping cases of homologous blood transfusion (HBT) during Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics have shown that more controls are needed. The method of detection using flow cytometry to evaluate the expression of minor blood group antigens from red blood cells (RBCs) and identify different RBC populations is efficient but still complex to perform with multiple antigens detection. Recently, the interest of using forensic DNA analysis was also highlighted as a potential new method to detect HBT, with possibility to start from dried blood spots (DBS) instead of fresh blood. After a first phase of development, a protocol was validated for HBT detection using DNA analysis after extraction from DBS. Presence of a second DNA was clear down to 2% of donor blood in vitro. A flow cytometry protocol was also developed with preparation and analysis in 96‐well plates and detection of two different antigens per well using two secondary antibodies with distinct fluorophores. The objective of the project was to evaluate the window of detection of an HBT performed in vivo with 150 mL of RBC concentrate. Blood samples obtained over 7 weeks post‐transfusion were analyzed. DNA profiling from DBS was not sensitive enough to detect the presence of a second DNA even 1 day after transfusion. On the contrary, the flow cytometry protocol was very efficient and allowed identification of several double populations of RBC (expressing/non‐expressing several antigens) until day 50 post‐transfusion. This protocol can be fully validated for a future application to doping control samples.

Funder

World Anti-Doping Agency

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Spectroscopy,Pharmaceutical Science,Environmental Chemistry,Analytical Chemistry

Reference15 articles.

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4. Blood doping in athletes-Detection of allogeneic blood transfusions by flow cytofluorometry

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