An Ultraflexible Electrode Array for Large‐Scale Chronic Recording in the Nonhuman Primate Brain

Author:

Tian Yixin1,Yin Jiapeng23,Wang Chengyao1,He Zhenliang34,Xie Jingyi15,Feng Xiaoshan1,Zhou Yang1,Ma Tianyu15,Xie Yang36,Li Xue1,Yang Tianming15,Ren Chi1ORCID,Li Chengyu34,Zhao Zhengtuo15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Neuroscience Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China

2. Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Inspired Technology Shanghai 201602 China

3. Lingang Laboratory Shanghai 200031 China

4. Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China

5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

6. Institute of Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China

Abstract

AbstractSingle‐unit (SU) recording in nonhuman primates (NHPs) is indispensible in the quest of how the brain works, yet electrodes currently used for the NHP brain are limited in signal longevity, stability, and spatial coverage. Using new structural materials, microfabrication, and penetration techniques, we develop a mechanically robust ultraflexible, 1 µm thin electrode array (MERF) that enables pial penetration and high‐density, large‐scale, and chronic recording of neurons along both vertical and horizontal cortical axes in the nonhuman primate brain. Recording from three monkeys yields 2,913 SUs from 1,065 functional recording channels (up to 240 days), with some SUs tracked for up to 2 months. Recording from the primary visual cortex (V1) reveals that neurons with similar orientation preferences for visual stimuli exhibited higher spike correlation. Furthermore, simultaneously recorded neurons in different cortical layers of the primary motor cortex (M1) show preferential firing for hand movements of different directions. Finally, it is shown that a linear decoder trained with neuronal spiking activity across M1 layers during monkey's hand movements can be used to achieve on‐line control of cursor movement. Thus, the MERF electrode array offers a new tool for basic neuroscience studies and brain–machine interface (BMI) applications in the primate brain.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Engineering,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous),General Materials Science,General Chemical Engineering,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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