Affiliation:
1. Department of Cardiology, Clinical Trial Center Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University 430071 Wuhan China
2. Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
3. State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 210023 Nanjing China
Abstract
AbstractRibonucleic acid (RNA) drugs have shown promising therapeutic effects for various diseases in clinical and preclinical studies, owing to their capability to regulate the expression of genes of interest or control protein synthesis. Different strategies, such as chemical modification, ligand conjugation, and nanotechnology, have contributed to the successful clinical translation of RNA medicine, including small interfering RNA (siRNA) for gene silencing and messenger RNA (mRNA) for vaccine development. Among these, nanotechnology can protect RNAs from enzymatic degradation, increase cellular uptake and cytosolic transportation, prolong systemic circulation, and improve tissue/cell targeting. Here, a focused overview of stimuli‐responsive nanotechnologies for RNA delivery, which have shown unique benefits in promoting RNA bioactivity and cell/organ selectivity, is provided. Many tissue/cell‐specific microenvironmental features, such as pH, enzyme, hypoxia, and redox, are utilized in designing internal stimuli‐responsive RNA nanoparticles (NPs). In addition, external stimuli, such as light, magnetic field, and ultrasound, have also been used for controlling RNA release and transportation. This review summarizes a wide range of stimuli‐responsive NP systems for RNA delivery, which may facilitate the development of next‐generation RNA medicines.
Funder
American Lung Association
National Institutes of Health
Subject
General Physics and Astronomy,General Engineering,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous),General Materials Science,General Chemical Engineering,Medicine (miscellaneous)