Studies of Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Eco‐Friendly Complex Ferroelectrics: BaTiO3–Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3

Abstract

Some lead‐free complex compounds containing the two perovskite compounds BaTiO3 and Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 of chemical composition (Ba1–xBix/2Nax/2)TiO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) are fabricated using a cost‐effective mixed oxide method. Synthesis and characterization (electrical, ferroelectric, and optical) of the above‐defined complex ferroelectrics are reported in this article. Analysis of the X‐ray diffraction data/pattern reveals the formation of phase pure compounds with tetragonal symmetry. Determination of particle size is done using the Scherrer formula. A morphology study of sintered (at 1100 °C) pellets indicates that average grain size decreases with an increase in Bi/Na content of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3. Studies of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy reveal the type of chemical bonds present in the materials. The energy bandgaps of the compounds are found to be suitable for optical device applications. The frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric study reveals that the dielectric constant increases and loss tangent decreases with an increase in Bi/Na content of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3. The analysis of the I–V plot and the field‐dependent polarization (P–E hysteresis loop) provide the low leakage current and existence of ferroelectricity at room temperature, respectively.