Soil water percolation and nutrient fluxes as a function of topographical, seasonal and soil texture variation in Central Amazonia, Brazil

Author:

Rodrigues Jardel Ramos1,Solander Kurt C.2ORCID,Cropper Stephen3,Newman Brent D.2,Collins Adam D.2,Warren Jeffrey M.4,Negron‐Juarez Robinson5,Gimenez Bruno O.16,Spanner Gustavo Carvalho1,Menezes Valdiek da Silva1,Ríos‐Villamizar Eduardo Antonio78,de Oliveira Regison Costa1,Ferreira Sávio José Filgueiras7,Higuchi Niro1

Affiliation:

1. Forest Management Laboratory–LMF National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) Manaus Brazil

2. Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico USA

3. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los Angeles USA

4. Environmental Science Division Climate Change Science Institute‐Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA

5. Climate and Ecosystem Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA

6. Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA

7. Hydrological Research Coordination–CPH, Programa de Grande Escala Biosfera‐Atmosfera na Amazônia–LBA National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) Manaus Brazil

8. Centro de Estudos Superiores de Tabatinga–CESTB Universidade do Estado do Amazonas–UEA Tabatinga Amazonas Brazil

Abstract

AbstractUnderstanding soil water dynamics and transport of nutrients is challenging in tropical rainforests due to the uniqueness of several properties related to soils, vegetation and seasonality that make relating patterns found in temperate environments to tropical sites difficult. We address the need for better edaphic characterization in tropical environments by investigating soil water percolation rates and chemistry across topographic, soil texture and seasonal gradients in a mature tropical rainforest in Central Amazonia, Brazil. We utilized a passive wick flux meter (e.g., drainage lysimeter) to directly measure real‐time percolation fluxes at 60‐cm depth, and to sample a suite of chemical species across plateau, slope and valley topographic positions. We found percolation flux volume and chemical exports generally increase with decreasing elevation and clay content, which was lowest in the valley. Daily percolation flux was observed to be 2.39 ± 0.44 in plateau, 3.01 ± 0.50 in slope and 6.16 ± 0.83 mm in valley. Most solutes were present in small amounts of <1 mg L−1, such as PO₄3−, Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn2+; however, NO3 concentrations were >20 mg L−1, even exceeding 100 mg L−1 in the valley. Based on additional isotopic analysis, we speculate high NO3 concentrations are partially an artefact of root decomposition following installation of the flux meters. The empirical relationships we show among percolation volume and nutrient exports under varying topographies and soil textures can improve Earth System Model performance by better constraining ecohydrological relationships to nutrient fluxes, which can in‐turn better illuminate the important factors that govern their behaviour.

Funder

U.S. Department of Energy

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas

Publisher

Wiley

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