1. Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
2. Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
3. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
4. Department of Biology School of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
5. Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry School of Dental Medicine School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA