Dietary habits in Italian children with inflammatory bowel disease: A case‐control multicenter study

Author:

Gatti Simona1ORCID,Vallorani Martina1,Quattrini Sara1,Aloi Marina2,Bramuzzo Matteo3,Felici Enrico4,Zuin Giovanna5,Catassi Giulia Naspi2,Grazian Federica6,Ciacchini Benedetta7,Panceri Roberto5,Catassi Carlo1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics Polytechnic University of Marche, G. Salesi Children's Hospital Ancona Italy

2. Department of Maternal and Child Health, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Umberto I Hospital Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

3. Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy and Nutrition Unit Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” Trieste Italy

4. Pediatric and Pediatric Emergency Unit Children Hospital, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo Alessandria Italy

5. Pediatrics Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori Monza Italy

6. University of Trieste Trieste Italy

7. Department of Health Science, Division of Pediatrics University of Piemonte Orientale Novara Italy

Abstract

AbstractObjectivesPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) tend to self‐modify their dietary habits according to disease activity and symptoms. This study aimed to assess the adequacy of the usual diet in Italian children with IBD in comparison to a control group and to the recommended dietary allowances (RDA).MethodsDietary habits of IBD children and age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls were investigated using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire in five Italian pediatric IBD centers. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was assessed using the KID‐MED test. Energy (EI), macro, and micronutrients intakes were compared between the two groups, to the RDA and the predicted total energy expenditure (EI/total energy expenditure [TEE]%).ResultsIBD subjects (n = 110) reported a lower EI, EI/RDA%, and EI/TEE% compared to controls (n = 110) (p = 0.012, p < 0.0002, and p = 0.014), lower total protein and fat intakes (p = 0.017, p < 0.0001) and lower minerals/RDA, vitamins/RDA and micronutrients/RDA ratio (%). Poor adherence to the MD was more frequent in IBD children compared to controls (p = 0.013). The total EI and carbohydrate intake were inversely correlated with higher disease activity.ConclusionsItalian children with IBD report an inadequate diet in terms of energy, macro, and micronutrients and have a low adherence to a high‐quality MD pattern.

Publisher

Wiley

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