Experimental and numerical study on failure mechanisms of bone simulants subjected to projectile impact

Author:

Żochowski Paweł1,Cegła Marcin1,Berent Jarosław23,Grygoruk Roman4,Szlązak Karol5,Smędra Anna2

Affiliation:

1. Military Institute of Armament Technology Zielonka Poland

2. Department of Forensic Medicine Medical University of Lodz Łódź Poland

3. Department of Criminal Proceedings and Forensics Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Łódź Łódź Poland

4. Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland

5. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland

Abstract

AbstractAnalyses of the human bones failure mechanisms under projectile impact conditions can be made through performing of a large number of ballistic trials. But the amount of data that can be collected during ballistic experiments is limited due to the high dynamics of the process and its destructive character. Numerical analyses may support experimental methodologies allowing to better understand the principles of the phenomenon. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to create and to verify a numerical model of commercially available synthetic bone material—Synbone®. The model could be used in the future as a supporting tool facilitating forensic studies or designing processes of personal protection systems (helmets, bulletproof vests, etc.). Although Synbone® is commonly used in the ballistic experiments, the literature lacks reliable numerical models of this material. In order to define a numerical model of Synbone®, mechanical experiments characterizing the response of the material to the applied loads in a wide range of strains and strain rates were carried out. Based on the mechanical tests results, an appropriate material model was selected for the Synbone® composite and the values of constants in its equations were determined. Material characterization experiments were subsequently reproduced with numerical simulations and a high correlation of the results was obtained. The final validation of the material model was based on the comparison of the ballistic impact experiments and simulation results. High similarity obtained (relative error lower than 10%) demonstrates that the numerical model of Synbone® material was properly defined.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Applied Mathematics,Computational Theory and Mathematics,Molecular Biology,Modeling and Simulation,Biomedical Engineering,Software

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