Locally Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes Enabling Low‐Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries

Author:

Liu Xu12,Mariani Alessandro3,Diemant Thomas12,Dong Xu12,Su Po‐Hua12,Passerini Stefano124ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstraße 11 89081 Ulm Germany

2. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany

3. ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste Basovizza 34012 Trieste Italy

4. Chemistry Department Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy

Abstract

AbstractLithium metal is a promising anode material for next‐generation high‐energy‐density batteries but suffers from low stripping/plating Coulombic efficiency and dendritic growth particularly at sub‐zero temperatures. Herein, a poorly‐flammable, locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolyte with a wide liquidus range extending well below 0 °C is proposed for low‐temperature lithium metal batteries. Its all‐anion Li+ solvation and phase‐nano‐segregation solution structure are sustained at low temperatures, which, together with a solid electrolyte interphase rich in inorganic compounds, enable dendrite‐free operation of lithium metal anodes at −20 °C and 0.5 mA cm−2, with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.9 %. As a result, lithium metal batteries coupling thin lithium metal anodes (4 mAh cm−2) and high‐loading LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes (10 mg cm−2) retain 70 % of the initial capacity after 100 cycles at −20 °C. These results, as a proof of concept, demonstrate the applicability of locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes for low‐temperature lithium metal batteries.

Funder

China Scholarship Council

Helmholtz Association

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Chemistry,Catalysis

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