Inferring the population history of Kyrgyz in Xinjiang, Northwest China from genome‐wide array genotyping

Author:

Halili Bubibatima1,Yang Xiaomin1,Wang Rui2,Zhu Kongyang2,Hai Xiangjun3,Wang Chuan‐Chao12456ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology Xiamen University Xiamen China

2. State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China

3. Key Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China

4. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen China

5. Institute of Artificial Intelligence Xiamen University Xiamen China

6. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China

Abstract

AbstractObjectivesXinjiang plays a vital role in the trans‐Eurasian population migration, language diffusion, and culture and technology exchange. However, the underrepresentation of Xinjiang's genomes has hindered a more comprehensive understanding of Xinjiang's genetic structure and population history.Materials and MethodsWe collected and genotyped 70 southern Xinjiang's Kyrgyz (SXJK) individuals and combined the data with modern and ancient Eurasians published. We used allele‐frequency methods, including PCA, ADMIXTURE, f‐statistics, qpWave/qpAdm, ALDER, Treemix, and haplotype‐shared methods including shared‐IBD segments, fineSTRUCTURE, and GLOBETROTTER to unveil the fine‐scale population structure and reconstruct admixture history.ResultsWe identified genetic substructure within the SXJK population with subgroups showing different genetic affinities to West and East Eurasians. All SXJK subgroups were suggested to have close genetic relationships with surrounding Turkic‐speaking groups that is, Uyghur, Kyrgyz from north Xinjiang and Tajikistan, and Chinese Kazakh, suggesting a shared ancestry among those populations. Outgroup‐f3 and symmetrical f4 statistics showed a high genetic affinity of SXJK to present‐day Tungusic, Mongolic‐speaking populations and Ancient Northeast Asian (ANA) related groups. Allele sharing and haplotype sharing profiles revealed the east–west admixture pattern of SXJK. The qpAdm‐based admixture models showed that SXJK derived ancestry from East Eurasian (ANA and East Asian, 42.7%–83.3%) and West Eurasian (Western Steppe herders and Central Asian, 16.7%–57.3%), the recent east–west admixture event could be traced to 1000 years ago based on ALDER and GLOBETROTTER analysis.DiscussionThe high genetic affinity of SXJK to present‐day Tungusic and Mongolic‐speaking populations and short‐shared IBD segments indicated their shared common ancestry. SXJK harbored a close genetic affinity to ANA‐related populations, indicating the Northeast Asian origin of SXJK. The West and East Eurasian admixture models observed in SXJK further provided evidence of the dynamic admixture history in Xinjiang. The east–west admixture pattern and the identified ancestral makeup of SXJK suggested a genetic continuity from some Iron Age Xinjiang populations to present‐day SXJK.

Funder

Xiamen University

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Paleontology,Archeology,Genetics,Anthropology,Anatomy,Epidemiology

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