Childhood adversities and post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence for stress sensitisation in the World Mental Health Surveys

Author:

McLaughlin Katie A.,Koenen Karestan C.,Bromet Evelyn J.,Karam Elie G.,Liu Howard,Petukhova Maria,Ruscio Ayelet Meron,Sampson Nancy A.,Stein Dan J.,Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio,Alonso Jordi,Borges Guilherme,Demyttenaere Koen,Dinolova Rumyana V.,Ferry Finola,Florescu Silvia,de Girolamo Giovanni,Gureje Oye,Kawakami Norito,Lee Sing,Navarro-Mateu Fernando,Piazza Marina,Pennell Beth-Ellen,Posada-Villa José,ten Have Margreet,Viana Maria Carmen,Kessler Ronald C.

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough childhood adversities are known to predict increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic experiences, it is unclear whether this association varies by childhood adversity or traumatic experience types or by age.AimsTo examine variation in associations of childhood adversities with PTSD according to childhood adversity types, traumatic experience types and life-course stage.MethodEpidemiological data were analysed from the World Mental Health Surveys (n = 27017).ResultsFour childhood adversities (physical and sexual abuse, neglect, parent psychopathology) were associated with similarly increased odds of PTSD following traumatic experiences (odds ratio (OR)=1.8), whereas the other eight childhood adversities assessed did not predict PTSD. Childhood adversity–PTSD associations did not vary across traumatic experience types, but were stronger in childhood-adolescence and early-middle adulthood than later adulthood.ConclusionsChildhood adversities are differentially associated with PTSD, with the strongest associations in childhood-adolescence and early-middle adulthood. Consistency of associations across traumatic experience types suggests that childhood adversities are associated with generalised vulnerability to PTSD following traumatic experiences.

Publisher

Royal College of Psychiatrists

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health

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