Incidence of Physical Damage on Peach and Nectarine Skin Discoloration Development: Anatomical Studies

Abstract

Skin discoloration (SD) formation in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, var. nectarine] was related to physical damage (abrasion) to the fruit during fruit handling (harvest and hauling operations) within the orchard and during transport to the packinghouse. Vibration and rubbing treatments increased SD formation indicating that tissue damage is involved in SD formation. Anatomical studies comparing sound and SD-injured tissues done by scanning electron and light microscopy indicated that very-low-intensity physical damage could induce brown and/or black spots because of cell disruption in the epidermal and hypodermal layers. The fact that injury was specific to the exocarp tissues (cuticle, epidermis, and hypodermis), and that mesocarp tissue located below the exocarp cells remained sound and turgid, indicated that abrasion injury is associated with SD. Similar types of visible and anatomical injury characteristics were induced by a rubbing treatment, demonstrating that physical abrasion damage affecting just exocarp cells was enough to induce SD: