Usnea longissima Ach. ekstraktları ve onun sekonder metaboliti usnik asidin farklı hücreler üzerindeki sitotoksisitesi

Abstract

The biological activities of lichens, known as organisms based on a symbiotic relationship, are attracting more and more attention in traditional medicine and modern drug research. Lichens can possess various pharmacological effects such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and many others due to the bioactive compounds they contain. In the present study, Usnea longissima Ach. and its secondary metabolite, usnic acid on human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS), human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), and mouse fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) were investigated. In this context, methanol and water extracts from U. longissima were obtained by Soxhlet extractor. The characterization of usnic acid was carried out by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The cytotoxic activities of the extracts and the metabolite on cells were determined by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) analysis. Considering the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, the application with the greater effect on AGS and NIH/3T3 cells was the methanol extract (373.17 µg/ml and 318.81 µg/ml, respectively). Considering the Caco-2 cells, it was determined that the water extract had the lowest IC50 value (230.05 µg/ml). The high cytotoxic activity of usnic acid on cancer cells (AGS; IC50: 395.03 µg/ml and Caco-2; IC50: 462.35 µg/ml) compared to normal cell (NIH/3T3; IC50: 472.41 µg/ml) was noted. As a result, it has been revealed that methanol and water extracts of U. longissima, especially usnic acid, are products that can be used within the scope of complementary therapy.