1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
3. International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
4. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
5. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
6. Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada