Lipotoxicity: Effects of Dietary Saturated and Transfatty Acids

Author:

Estadella Débora1,da Penha Oller do Nascimento Claudia M.1,Oyama Lila M.1,Ribeiro Eliane B.1,Dâmaso Ana R.2,de Piano Aline1

Affiliation:

1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

2. Departamento de Biociências, UNIFESP, Campus Baixada Santista, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil

Abstract

The ingestion of excessive amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and transfatty acids (TFAs) is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The focus of this paper was to elucidate the influence of dietary SFA and TFA intake on the promotion of lipotoxicity to the liver and cardiovascular, endothelial, and gut microbiota systems, as well as on insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The saturated and transfatty acids favor a proinflammatory state leading to insulin resistance. These fatty acids can be involved in several inflammatory pathways, contributing to disease progression in chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart hypertrophy as well as other metabolic and degenerative diseases. As a consequence, lipotoxicity may occur in several target organs by direct effects, represented by inflammation pathways, and through indirect effects, including an important alteration in the gut microbiota associated with endotoxemia. Interactions between these pathways may perpetuate a feedback process that exacerbates an inflammatory state. The importance of lifestyle modification, including an improved diet, is recommended as a strategy for treatment of these diseases.

Funder

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Cell Biology,Immunology

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