Affiliation:
1. Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
2. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Infrastructure Renewal, Shanghai 200032, China
Abstract
Automated valet parking (AVP) has attracted much attention as the entry point to autonomous driving. In an indoor environment, high-precision positioning systems are essential for AVP. Ultra-wideband (UWB) is one of the most widely adopted techniques. However, the base station placement significantly influences the system’s positioning accuracy, especially for the irregular architecture of underground parking lots. This article proposes a three-stage practical and economical layout planning approach for UWB base stations, including determining the deployment strategy and layout parameters and comprehensive adjustment and scheme verification. The approach considers regional differentiation accuracy requirements for AVP, such as ramp area, surface fluctuation area, and narrow area. The adopted positioning method of a UWB system is the time difference of arrival (TDOA), and the evaluation index of positioning accuracy is the horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP). Through experimental tests in an actual parking lot, the proposed approach is confirmed to ensure stability and economy with fewer UWB base stations and can meet the positioning accuracy requirements of AVP.
Funder
National Basic Research Program of China
Subject
Strategy and Management,Computer Science Applications,Mechanical Engineering,Economics and Econometrics,Automotive Engineering
Cited by
57 articles.
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