Toxicity Effect of Silver Nanoparticles in Brine ShrimpArtemia

Abstract

The present study revealed the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inArtemia naupliiand evaluated the mortality rate, hatching percentage, and genotoxic effect inArtemia nauplii/cysts. The AgNPs were commercially purchased and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Nanoparticles were spherical in nature and with size range of 30–40 nm.Artemiacysts were collected from salt pan, processed, and hatched in sea water.Artemia nauplii(II instar) were treated using silver nanoparticles of various nanomolar concentrations and LC50value (10 nM) and mortality rate (24 and 48 hours) was evaluated. Hatching percentage of decapsulated cysts treated with AgNPs was examined. Aggregation of AgNPs in the gut region ofnaupliiwas studied using phase contrast microscope and apoptotic cells innaupliistained with acridine orange were observed using fluorescence microscope. DNA damage of single cell ofnaupliiwas determined by comet assay. This study showed that as the concentration of AgNPs increased, the mortality rate, aggregation in gut region, apoptotic cells, and DNA damage increased innauplii, whereas the percentage of hatching inArtemiacysts decreased. Thus this study revealed that the nanomolar concentrations of AgNPs have toxic effect on bothArtemia naupliiand cysts.