Thymus linearis Extracts Ameliorate Indices of Metabolic Syndrome in Sprague Dawley Rats

Author:

Younatan Yamema1ORCID,Majid Muhammad2ORCID,Phull Abdul Rehman34ORCID,Baig Muhammad Waleed1ORCID,Irshad Nadeem1ORCID,Fatima Humaira1ORCID,Nasir Bakht1ORCID,Zafar Aroosa1ORCID,Majid Abdul4ORCID,Parveen Amna5ORCID,Haq Ihsan-ul1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

3. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Biochemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, 66020 Sindh, Pakistan

5. College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Thymus linearis Benth. in Wall is extensively used and sold in Gilgit Baltistan province of Pakistan for the amelioration of conditions like obesity and diabetes. However, this ethnomedicinal use still lacks any scientific backing. Based upon this traditional use, the present study was designed to scientifically validate its role in the prevention of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods. The extract library (n-hexane (NH), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (M), distilled water (DW), and combined extract (CE)) was standardized using in vitro phytochemical, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition assays, after which the protective effect of selected “hit,” i.e., CE against metabolic syndrome, was determined in vivo, using rats fed a high-fat diet supplemented with additional cholesterol administration. CE was administered to Sprague Dawley rats in high dose as 100 mg/kg in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (1 ml; 0.75% in DW) and low-dose group as 50 mg/kg in CMC (0.5 ml; 0.75% in DW). After 10 weeks, the effects of CE on insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were assessed through histological, biochemical, and hematological investigations. Results. Phytochemical analysis including RP-HPLC analysis of the extracts showed that flavonoids and phenolics (myricetin, kaempferol, and apigenin), previously known to be effective against obesity and diabetes, are present in the extracts. Antioxidant studies revealed that the plant possesses a highly significant ( p < 0.05 ) concentration of antioxidants. Satisfactory α-amylase inhibitory activity was also observed in in vitro experiments. In vivo studies showed that CE-administered animals had significantly ( p < 0.05 ) lower weight gain and smaller adipocytes than the control group. Moreover, CE resisted any significant ( p < 0.05 ) change in the organ weights. Analogous to findings from its traditional use, the plant extract had a positive modulatory effect on insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. The study also indicated that CE resisted high-fat diet-induced disturbance in lipid profile and countered any pathological changes in liver enzymes caused by fat-infused diet. Furthermore, a study on endogenous antioxidant levels indicated that CE was effective in maintaining catalase and peroxidase levels within the normal range and resisted the effects of lipid peroxidation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Conclusion. In principle, the current study’s findings scientifically validate the implication of T. linearis in metabolic syndrome and recommend further studies on molecular insights of the observed therapeutic activity.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Cell Biology,Aging,General Medicine,Biochemistry

Reference37 articles.

1. Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in the Asia-pacific region: a systematic review;P. Ranasinghe;BMC Public Health,2017

2. Metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Is insulin resistance the link?

3. Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Countries: Role of Dietary Fats and Oils

4. Leptin, resistin and visfatin: the missing link between endocrine metabolic disorders and immunity;E. A. Al-Suhaimi;European Journal of Medical Research,2013

5. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of Thymus linearis;M. I. Qadir;Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2016

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3