Nondestructive Testing on Ancient Wooden Components Based on Shapley Value

Abstract

In this study, we propose nondestructive testing methods and combined forecasting models-based stress wave and impedance measurements to obtain accurate internal defects information for wooden building components. Internal defects data for major wooden components of an ancient building in China and reverse laboratory test data on matching tree species indicated various degrees of damage on the pavilion wood structure surface and internal defects in certain pillars. The stress wave method enabled rapid acquisition of two-dimensional plots of test sections; however, the results revealed that the area of stress wave detection was greater than the actual defect area. Moreover, the impedance meter was able to determine the defect position and type in a single path, and the actual defect area was proportional to the absolute error of the drilling resistance. By distributing the errors from the two nondestructive testing methods on the basis of a Shapley value algorithm, we determined the weights of stress wave and impedance meter data in the forecasting models and established combined forecasting models that showed greater accuracy with a mean relative error of less than 6%. This method can improve the prediction accuracy of internal defects in ancient buildings and provide effective data support for practical engineering repair and reinforcement schemes.