Serum Soluble ST2 and Diastolic Dysfunction in Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Background. Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular (LV) structural and functional alterations in hypertension has some limitations, potentially overcome by using biomarkers. ST2, a prognostic biomarker for heart failure and myocardial infarction patients, was less studied in hypertension. Aim. To analyze the relationship between serum ST2 levels and diastolic dysfunction (DD) in hypertension. Method. We enrolled 88 hypertensive outpatients (average age 65 years, 69.3% females) in a prospective study, stratified for presence of LV hypertrophy (LVH). For each patient clinical examination, lab workup (routine and serum ST2 levels) and echocardiography were performed. Results. Hypertensive patients with LVH had higher age, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and serum ST2, while having lower serum albumin than those without LVH. Serum ST2 levels correlate with parameters of LV remodeling and DD. We found that 5.3% of ST2 level variability was caused by a 1-unit variation of cardiovascular risk. We identified cut-off values for discriminating hypertension with LVH versus that without LVH and grade 2 DD versus normal diastolic performance. Conclusion. ST2 could be used as diagnostic biomarker for cardiac remodeling and altered diastolic performance in hypertension, providing additional data to echocardiography. It could represent a milestone in early detection of cardiac performance alteration.