Micro- and Nanoscale Pore Structure Characterization of Carbonates from the Xiaoerbulake Formation in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Abstract

The evaluation of pore structure is an essential part in the assessment of carbonate reservoirs. The structures (geometry and connectivity) of nm to μm-scale pore networks in outcrop samples of carbonates from Xiaoerbulake Formation in Tarim Basin of China were studied by using optical microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), as well as mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) with fractal analyses of the data, and spontaneous imbibition tests (distilled water). The results demonstrate that the lithologies are micritic dolomites, fine-to-medium-to-coarse crystalline dolomites, microbial dolomites, and dolarenite. At micro- to nanoscales in size, pore types are dominated by intergranular, intercrystalline, and intragranular (e.g., dissolution) pores. These pore networks have pore-throat diameters from 0.01 to >10 μm. Compared with a nanoscale pore network, the μm-scale pore networks are relatively well connected and serve as the most important permeability pathways. Although the pore volume accounts for most of the total porosity, the permeability of nanoscale pore networks is low. The existence of micro-nano-fractures could improve connectivity, especially for the nanoscale pore networks, by linking the intragranular (dissolution) pores which are mostly in the range of nm-scale.