Oral Administration of Germinated, Pigmented, Giant Embryo Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Keunnunjami) Extract Improves the Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Abstract

Obesity is a significant risk factor for chronic diseases. The effect of ethanol extract from germinated Keunnunjami, blackish-purple rice with a giant embryo, compare to ordinary brown rice, on the body weight and lipid and glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice was analyzed. Mice were fed with a high-fat diet-fed for 3 weeks and then orally administered with either distilled water (HF) or extract (0.25%, $w/w$ ) from brown, germinated brown, Keunnunjami, and germinated Keunnunjami rice for 4 weeks. Control mice were fed with a normal diet and orally administered with distilled water. The HF group showed markedly higher body weight and triglyceride, cholesterol, fatty acid, glucose, and insulin levels than the control group. However, the oral administration of rice extracts ameliorated this high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypoglycemia through the modulation of adipokine production, lipogenic and glucose-regulating enzyme activities, and mRNA expression of genes associated with lipid and glucose metabolism. The germinated Keunnunjami extract exhibited greater hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and body weight-lowering effects than the other rice extracts. The results demonstrated that germination could further enhance the physiological properties of rice and that germinated Keunnunjami extract has a strong therapeutic potential against high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia.