The Effect of Flowable Composite Resins on Periodontal Health, Cytokine Levels, and Immunoglobulins

Abstract

Objective. This study investigated the effects of flowable resin composites (FCR) on the restoration of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCL) and their impact on periodontal tissues. Materials and Methods. 30 periodontally healthy patients were assigned into three groups randomly; group VF: self-adhering FCR, group NF: fluoride-releasing FCR, and group SF: microhybrid FCR. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM), and interleukins (IL-1, IL-1β, and IL-10) in GCF were analyzed with ELISA tests. Clinical success rates were evaluated using USPHS criteria during the 12-month follow-up. Results. The GCF volume was increased mostly in group SF ( $1.34\pm 0.09\mu \text{l}$ ). While the titer of interleukin was increased in all groups, higher increases were observed in IL-1 and IL-1β in group NF (170.78 pg/ml and 39.35 pg/ml). Increased IL-10 was observed in group VF ( $14.33\pm 0.85\text{pg}/\text{ml}$ ). IgA levels varied partially among all groups ( $p>0.05$ ), and even IgM levels were elevated immediately after the restoration process but returned to normal on the 28th day ( $p<0.05$ ). Group NF failed in most of the USPHS criteria, while the material group VF and group SF presented acceptable results except in the marginal adaptation criterion ( $p<0.05$ ). Conclusions. Clinical efficacy of self-adhering FCR was found the best for restoration of NCCL while fluoride-releasing FCR stimulated the periodontal response and had negative effects on GCF volume, cytokine, and immunoglobulin levels.