Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Properties of Essential Oils from Hairy and Normal Roots ofLeonurus sibiricusL. and Their Chemical Composition

Abstract

Essential oils obtained from the NR (normal roots) and HR (hairy roots) of the medicinal plantLeonurus sibiricusroot were used in this study. The essential oil compositions were detected by GC-MS. Eighty-five components were identified in total. Seventy components were identified for NR essential oil. The major constituents in NR essential oil wereβ-selinene (9.9%), selina-4,7-diene (9.7%),(E)-β-caryophyllene (7.3%),myli-4(15)-ene (6.4%), and guaia-1(10),11-diene (5.9%). Sixty-seven components were identified in HR essential oil, the main constituents being(E)-β-caryophyllene (22.6%), and germacrene D (19.8%). The essential oils were tested for cytotoxic effect, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Both essential oils showed activity against grade IV glioma cell lines (IC50= 400 μg/mL), antimicrobial (MIC and MFC values of 2500 to 125 μg/mL), and anti-inflammatory (decreased level of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γin LPS-stimulated cells).The essential oils exhibited moderate antioxidant activity in ABTS (EC50= 98 and 88 μg/mL) assay. This is the first study to examine composition of the essential oils and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. The results indicate that essential oils formL. sibiricusroot may be used in future as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents with potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.