Removal of Reactive Red 120 in a Batch Technique Using Seaweed-Based Biochar: A Response Surface Methodology Approach

Abstract

The elimination of Reactive Red 120 (RR120) from synthetic solution using biochar generated from Ulva prolifera was investigated. The process parameters sorbent dose (A), pH (B), initial dye concentration (C), and temperatures (D) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). To estimate the removal effectiveness of dye with the best 27 trails, the Box-Behnken method (blocked) was utilised. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), main effect plot, interaction plot, and surface plot were used to establish the significance of the model, and the confidence level of the model was set at 95%. To maximise the objective, the RSM optimizer was utilised with a desirability of 1. Furthermore, the batch investigation was supplemented by isotherm models, kinetic models, and thermodynamic analyses to understand the adsorption mechanism.