A Methodical Review on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Energy-Related Applications

Author:

Onyancha Robert Birundu1ORCID,Ukhurebor Kingsley Eghonghon2ORCID,Aigbe Uyiosa Osagie3ORCID,Osibote Otolorin Adelaja3ORCID,Kusuma Heri Septya4ORCID,Darmokoesoemo Handoko5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Technical and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Earth Sciences Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya

2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Edo State University Uzairue, PMB 04, Auchi, 312101 Edo State, Nigeria

3. Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Cape Town, South Africa

4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta, Sleman, Indonesia

5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Abstract

Carbon nanomaterials are endowed with novel and magnificent optical, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties, with a promising prospect in different advanced applications such as electronics, batteries, capacitors, wastewater treatment, membranes, heterogeneous catalysis, and medical sciences. However, macroscopic synthesis of carbon materials for industrial use has been a great challenge. Furthermore, structural nonhomogeneity and indefinite fabrication have hindered vigorous and consistent implementation of these materials in extensive technologies. Nevertheless, they offer exotic physics, and as a result, they have continued to attract great interest from the scientific community in an effort aimed to optimize their properties through innovative synthesis techniques, ensuring macroscopic production and discovering new applications. Hence, this study endeavours to provide a conscious review of these materials via the comprehensive discussion of the various allotropes of carbon (fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene), synthesis techniques (arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition), and their applications in energy-related fields (batteries, capacitors, photocells, hydrogen storage, sensors, etc.) and their impending prospects.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Surfaces and Interfaces,General Chemical Engineering,General Chemistry

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