Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis and Screening in Australian General Practice: A National Study

Abstract

Aims. To investigate the epidemiology of diabetes diagnosis and screening in Australian general practice. Methods. Cross-sectional study using electronic health records of 1,522,622 patients aged 18+ years attending 544 Australian general practices (MedicineInsight database). The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and diabetes screening was explored using all recorded diagnoses, laboratory results, and prescriptions between 2016 and 2018. Their relationship with patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was also investigated. Results. Overall, 7.5% (95% CI 7.3, 7.8) of adults had diabetes diagnosis, 0.7% (95% CI 0.6, 0.7) prediabetes, and 0.3% (95% CI 0.3, 0.3) unrecorded diabetes/prediabetes (elevated glucose levels without a recorded diagnosis). Patients with unrecorded diabetes/prediabetes had clinical characteristics similar to those with recorded diabetes, except for a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (55.5% and 69.9%, respectively). Dyslipidaemia was 1.8 times higher (36.2% vs. 19.7%), and hypertension was 15% more likely (38.6% vs. 33.8%) among patients with prediabetes than with diabetes. Diabetes screening (last three years) among people at high risk of diabetes was 55.2% (95% CI 52.7, 57.7), with lower rates among young or elderly males. Conclusions. Unrecorded diabetes/prediabetes is infrequent in Australian general practice, but prediabetes diagnosis was also lower than expected. Diabetes screening among high-risk individuals can be improved, especially in men, to enhance earlier diabetes diagnosis and management.