Template-Assisted Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanocrystalline BaTiO3

Abstract

Nanocrystalline perovskite barium titanate with an average particle size less than ∼10 nm is produced using sol-gel route involving ligand-assisted templating. BaTiO3is obtained by the controlled hydrolysis and condensation reaction of barium acetate (Ba(CH3COO)2) with titanium tetra chloride (TiCl4) in the reverse micelles of dodecylamine (DDA) which is used as the template. Our attempts to produce mesoporous BaTiO3have resulted in the formation of nanocrystalline BaTiO3. The synthesis of nanostructured BaTiO3is carried out using the ligand-assisted templating approach which proceeds through the sol-gel route. Dodecylamine is used as the template. The sol-gel process in general presents inherent advantages because the nanostructure of the desired materials can be controlled together with their porous structure. Ligand-assisted templating approach involves the formation of covalent bond between the inorganic analogue and the template. Ba(CH3COO)2and TiCl4are used as barium-source and titanium-source respectively. The reaction between Ba(CH3COO)2and TiCl4is found to take place deliberately on the pre-assembled species which acts as the template or occurring with in them which in turn will lead to the generation of the desired nanoscale structure (nanopores or nanoparticles).