Impact of Kefir DerivedLactobacillus kefirion the Mucosal Immune Response and Gut Microbiota

Abstract

The evaluation of the impact of probiotics on host health could help to understand how they can be used in the prevention of diseases. On the basis of our previous studies andin vitroassays on PBMC and Caco-2 ccl20:luc reporter system presented in this work, the strainLactobacillus kefiriCIDCA 8348 was selected and administrated to healthy Swiss mice daily for 21 days. The probiotic treatment increased IgA in feces and reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators in Peyer Patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, where it also increased IL-10. In ileum IL-10, CXCL-1 and mucin 6 genes were upregulated; meanwhile in colon mucin 4 was induced whereas IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and IL-1βgenes were downregulated. Moreover, ileum and colon explants showed the anti-inflammatory effect ofL. kefirisince the LPS-induced increment of IL-6 and GM-CSF levels in control mice was significantly attenuated inL. kefiritreated mice. Regarding fecal microbiota, DGGE profiles allowed differentiation of experimental groups in two separated clusters. Quantitative PCR analysis of different bacterial groups revealed only significant changes inLactobacilluspopulation. In conclusion,L. kefiriis a good candidate to be used in gut inflammatory disorders.