Determining the Impact of the AM-Mycorrhizosphere on “Dwarf” Sunflower Zn Uptake and Soil-Zn Bioavailability

Author:

Audet Patrick12,Charest Christiane1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Priv., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5

2. Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

Abstract

An in vivo compartmental pot greenhouse experiment involving “dwarf” sunflower and an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus was designed to assess the contribution of non-AM roots (rhizosphere), AM roots and extraradical hyphae (mycorrhizosphere), or strictly extraradical hyphae (hyphosphere) on plant growth, plant metal uptake, and soil parameters using the micronutrient zinc (Zn) as a typical metal contaminant. We observed that, at high soil-Zn concentrations, the mycorrhizosphere treatments had lower Zn concentrations (especially in shoots and flowers) and a lower incidence of leaf chlorosis than the rhizosphere treatments. These phytoprotective effects are believed to be related to AM-induced biosorption processes that reduce soil metal bioavailability to delay the onset of plant metal toxicity. We also observed that the presence of extraradical hyphae causes a slight alkalinisation of the proximal soil environment whereas roots tended to acidify it, this having significant consequences toward metal bioavailability. Altogether, the AM symbiosis is considered to be a key component of ecosystem function involved in buffering plant growth conditions due to the processes of metal biosorption and hyphal alkalinisation which could contribute in enhancing the soil's resiliency.

Funder

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Plant Science

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