Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease

Author:

Theofilis Panagiotis1ORCID,Sagris Marios1,Oikonomou Evangelos12,Antonopoulos Alexios S1,Lazaros George1,Theofilis Anastasios1,Papastamos Charalambos1,Papaioannou Spyridon3,Siasos Gerasimos12,Tsioufis Kostas1,Tousoulis Dimitris1

Affiliation:

1. 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

2. 3rd Cardiology Department, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

3. Cardiology Department, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece

Abstract

Abstract: Atherosclerosis and one of its most serious consequences, coronary artery disease, are important sources of morbidity and mortality globally, necessitating early detection and treatment. Considering their complex pathophysiology, including several harmful processes, a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy is very desirable. Extracellular matrix remodeling is a major component of this dangerous cascade, including the cleavage of constituents (collagen, elas-tin, proteoglycans) and the propagation or exacerbation of the inflammatory response. Several ex-tracellular matrix degradation indicators have been hypothesized to correlate with the existence, se-verity, and prognosis of coronary artery disease. The potency of matrix metalloproteinases, notably collagenases and gelatinases, has been the most thoroughly investigated in clinical studies. Strome-lysins, matrilysins, transmembrane matrix metalloproteinases, collagen and laminin turnover indica-tors, as well as fibronectin, have also been studied to a lesser level. Among the most well-studied markers, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 have been found increased in patients with cardio-vascular risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, its components (obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus), and smoking. Increasing concentrations are detected in acute coronary syndromes com-pared to stable angina pectoris and healthy control groups. It should also be stressed that those ex-tracellular matrix biomarkers may also be detected in high concentrations in other vascular patholo-gies such as peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, aortic aneurysms, and dissections. De-spite the advances gained, future research should focus on their importance and, more crucially, their added utility as biomarkers in identifying persons at risk of developing overt coronary artery disease. At the same time, determining the prognosis of coronary artery disease patients using such biomarkers may be important for their adequate care.

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Drug Discovery,General Medicine

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