Classification of Benign and Malignant Breast Masses on Mammograms for Large Datasets using Core Vector Machines

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer deaths among women. Early detection of cancer increases the survival rate of the affected women. Machine learning approaches that are used for classification of breast cancer usually takes a lot of processing time during the training process. This paper attempts to propose a Machine Learning approach for breast cancer detection in mammograms, which does not depend on the number of training samples. Objective: The paper aims to develop a core vector machine-based diagnosis system for breast cancer detection using the date from MIAS. The main motivation behind using this system is to reduce the computational and memory requirement for large training data and to improve the classification accuracy. Methods: The proposed method has four stages: 1) Pre-processing is done to extract the breast region using global thresholding and enhancement using histogram equalization; 2) identification of potential mass using Otsu thresholding; 3) feature extraction using Laws Texture energy measures; and 4) mass detection is done using Core vector machine (CVM) classifier. Results: Comparative analysis was done with different existing algorithms: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Fuzzy Support Vector Machines (FSVM). The results illustrate that the proposed Core Vector Machine (CVM) classifier produced a promising result in terms of sensitivity (96.9%), misclassification rate (0.0443) and accuracy (95.89%). The time taken for training process is 0.0443, which is less when compared with other machine learning algorithms. Conclusion: Performance analysis shows that CVM classifier is superior to other classifiers like ANN, SVM and FSVM. The computational time of the CVM classifier during the training process was also analysed and found to be better than other discussed algorithms. The results achieved show that CVM classifier is the best algorithm for breast mass detection in mammograms.