An Overview of Cistus Species Growing in Sardinia: A Source of Bioactive Compounds

Abstract

Extracts obtained from many plants have recently gained popularity and scientific interest for their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity. Many results have been reported on the antimicrobial properties of plant extracts containing essential oils and different classes of phenolic compounds. In this chapter, we will discuss the traditional usage and the biological and pharmacological properties of various Cistus species, with particular emphasis on Cistus species growing in Sardinia. Cistaceae family is widespread in the Mediterranean region with several species, and it is known as a traditional natural remedy. Cistus genus grows in Sardinia with populations of C.monspeliensis, C.salvifolius, C. albidus and C. creticus subspecies: C.creticus subsp. creticus, C.creticus subsp. corsicus, and C.creticus subsp. eriocephalus. Despite being widespread, only a few phytochemical research has been reported for Cistus species growing in Sardinia. Moreover, C.creticus subsp. eriocephalus (Viv) Greuter & Burdet growing in Sardinia is characterized by an important polymorphism due to hybridization and occurrence of various ecotypes based on intermediate morphological characters. The recent studies have shown that the extracts of Cistus species may be used as therapeutic agents in a wide range of human diseases. The use of plant extracts for controlling postharvest fungal pathogens can enhance healthy fruit production. Further knowledge regarding the bioactivity of Sardinian Cistus species will be useful to verify their potential as profitable sources of functional ingredients in applications, such as food preservation, cosmetic, hygiene or medical device.