Ultrasound Assisted Dispersive Solid Phase Microextraction of Thymol and Carvacrol in Pharmaceutical Products Using Graphene Oxide as an Adsorbent Prior to Analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Background: Thymol and carvacrol are the most important dietary constituents in thyme species. These two active compounds are used for the standardization of pharmaceutical compounds. Objective: In this work, a simple and reliable ultrasonic assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction method (USA-DSPME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet detection system was developed to determine thymol and carvacrol in pharmaceutical syrups. The efficiency of SPME sorbent was examined through several sorbents and finally Graphene Oxide (GO) was applied for extraction of the analytes. Method: The efficiency of GO was compared with three reduced forms of GO adsorbents as well. Several effective factors on the extraction performance were investigated. Results: Under the optimized conditions for the GO sorbent, inter and intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 3) and the Limits of Detections (LODs) were lower than 5.0% and 0.02 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, good linear ranges were observed in wide concentration ranges with R-squared larger than 0.9961 for both thymol and carvacrol. Conclusion: The present method is reliable and simple for determination of carvacrol and thymol in pharmaceutical products.