Oxidative Coupling Assembly Induced Bio-engineered Quercetin Microspheres for the Gastrosparing Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to develop microspheres of quercetin by oxidative coupling assembly and these microspheres were used to deliver diclofenac sodium without causing gastrotoxicity. Methods: The oxidative coupling assembly of quercetin was carried out in the presence of copper sulfate to yield quercetin microspheres. The microsphere of quercetin was loaded with diclofenac sodium (QP-Diclo). The carrageenan induced paw edema in rats was used for anti-inflammatory action was studied by using and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice was used to study the analgesic potential of the QP loaded microspheres. The ulcerogenecity and gastrotoxicity comparison was made between diclofenac and QP-Diclo. Results: The oxidative coupling assembly of quercetin resulted in microspheres of 10-20 μm in size, which were loaded with diclofenac sodium (QP-Diclo). The marked anti-inflammatory activity was observed by QP-Diclo treatment using carrageenan induced paw edema (in rats) and better analgesic activity than diclofenac sodium in mice. The administration of QP-Diclo significantly elevated the diminished overall nitrite/nitrate extent and thiobarbituric acid reactive and significantly increased the diminished superoxide dismutase activity in comparison to diclofenac sodium in gastric mucosa. Conclusion: The results suggested that dietary polyphenol quercetin can be converted to microspheres by oxidative coupling assembly and can be used to deliver diclofenac sodium without causing gastrotoxicity.