State of the Art in Industrial Application of Amino-1,2,4-Triazoles

Abstract

Abstract: The review summarizes information on the industrial use of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles, the basic raw material for the industry of fine organic synthesis. A description of the existing production methods for the synthesis of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and some methods of obtaining in laboratory conditions is given. Three main areas of use of these amines and their derivatives have been identified: agriculture, medicine, high-energy substances and gas-generating compositions. It has been shown that one of the earliest areas of widespread use of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles is the production of plant protection products. On their basis, the mass production of various insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, retardants and inhibitors of nitrification of nitrogen fertilizers has been organized. The use of these amines in medicine consists in the production of known drugs on their basis, such as furazonal, thiotriazoline and cardiotril, which have hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-ischemic activity. The industrial processing of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles into explosives, solid propellants, propellants, and gas-generating compositions is a third well-known field of application. An explanation is given for the high reactivity of amines and the variety of areas of their use. A significant place in the review is occupied by the analysis of less known directions of use of the indicated aminotriazoles. These are: obtaining new types of salts and electrically conductive ionic liquids, corrosion inhibitors of non-ferrous metals and catalysts for the curing of epoxy resins. The results of recent studies are discussed, and the prospects for the use of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles as raw materials for the production of new reagents in analytical chemistry, proton-exchange membranes, and new condensed nitrogen-containing heterocycles are shown.