Recent Advances in Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Functionalization of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles

Abstract

Triazoles are five-membered aromatic heterocyclics, which exhibit two isosteric forms (1,2,3-triazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles), as well as multiple applications in medicinal, agricultural, supramolecular, and materials sciences. Famous examples of triazoles include drugs, such as fluconazole, ribavirin, cefatrizine, and tazobactam, as well as herbicides, such as cafenstrole and metosulam. This review aims to present the recent major examples of the application of microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) to the syntheses and endfunctionalizations of 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles, 3-amino-1,2,4- triazoles, 1,2,4-triazol-3-one, and 1,2,4-triazol-3-thiol derivatives. Notably, the previous reviews on triazole syntheses have not exclusively elucidated the relevance of MAOS techniques in the obtention and derivatization of these compounds.